Validación de la escala de gravedad percibida de la violencia de pareja contra la mujer en población ecuatoriana

Validation of the Perceived Severity of Intimate Partner Violence against Women scale in Ecuadorian population

Aída M. Villagrán , Manuel Martín-Fernández , Enrique Gracia , Marisol Lila
Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, (2023), 55, pp. 29-37.
Recibido el 31 de julio de 2022
Aceptado el 20 de octubre de 2022

https://doi.org/10.14349/rlp.2023.v55.4

Resumen

Introducción: La violencia de pareja contra la mujer (VPM) es un problema de salud pública a nivel global cuya prevalencia en Ecuador es de las más elevadas de Latinoamérica. La gravedad percibida de la VPM influye en las actitudes públicas hacia la VPM, como la aceptabilidad, el sentido de responsabilidad personal o la disposición a intervenir en casos de VPM. Método: En este estudio se presenta la adaptación de la escala española de gravedad percibida de la VPM (PS-IPVAW) al contexto cultural ecuatoriano, en una muestra de 652 participantes. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la escala PS-IPVAW tiene una buena consistencia interna, que sus ítems tienen una baja carga de deseabilidad social, que es invariante entre géneros y que se relaciona con la culpabilidad a la víctima, la aceptabilidad de la VPM y el sexismo hostil. Discusión: La escala PS-IPVAW es un instrumento con suficientes evidencias de fiabilidad y validez para evaluar la gravedad percibida de la VPM en Ecuador y representa un importante aporte para mejorar las estrategias de prevención, intervención y erradicación de este tipo de violencia en el contexto ecuatoriano.

Palabras clave:
Violencia contra la mujer en las relaciones de pareja, gravedad percibida, escala PS-IPVAW, actitudes, medición, Ecuador

Abstract

Introduction: Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a global public health problem whose prevalence in Ecuador is among the highest in Latin America. The perceived severity of IPV influences public attitudes toward IPVAW, such as acceptability, sense of personal responsibility, or willingness to intervene in cases of IPV. Method: This study presents the adaptation of the Spanish scale of perceived severity of IPVAW (PS-IPVAW) to the Ecuadorian cultural context, in a sample of 652 participants. Results: Our results showed that the PS-IPVAW scale has good internal consistency, its items presented low loadings of social desirability, that it is invariant across genders and that it is related to victim blaming, acceptability of IPV and hostile sexism. Discussion: The PS-IPVAW scale showed adequate evidence of reliability and validity to assess the perceived severity of IPV in Ecuador and represents an important contribution to improve strategies for prevention, intervention, and eradication of this type of violence in the Ecuadorian context.

Keywords:
Intimate partner violence against women, perceived severity, PS-IPVAW scale, attitudes, measurement, Ecuador

Artículo Completo
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