Propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español del Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills en población general mexicana

Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills in Mexican general population

Arturo Orozco , Georgina García , Arturo Venebra , Ulises Aguilera
Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, (2021), 53, pp. 104-113.
Recibido el 1 de marzo de 2021
Aceptado el 2 de agosto de 2021

https://doi.org/10.14349/rlp.2021.v53.12

Resumen

Introducción: Uno de los instrumentos más usados internacionalmente para medir la conciencia plena es el Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Debido a que esta escala no ha sido traducida ni adaptada a la lengua española, la investigación examinó la validez del constructo, su consistencia interna y validez de criterio, en una muestra mexicana. Método: La muestra estuvo conformada por 485 participantes (145 hombres y 340 mujeres). Resultados: Los resultados revelan una buena fiabilidad de la escala general Asimismo, confirman que las cuatro dimensiones del inventario son factores sustantivos de la conciencia plena. Un análisis factorial confirmatorio muestra que los datos se ajustan de manera adecuada al modelo de cuatro factores. Conclusiones: Se concluye que este inventario es un instrumento válido y fiable para evaluar la conciencia plena en población general mexicana.

Palabras clave:
Conciencia plena, análisis factorial confirmatorio, validez de criterio, consistencia interna, población mexicana, Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills

Abstract

Introduction: One of the most common instruments used in the world to measure mindfulness is the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Due to this scale has not been translated and adapted to Spanish, the purpose of this research was to examine the construct validity, internal consistency, and criterion validity in a Mexican sample. Method: The sample included 485 participants (145 men and 350 women). Results: Results found in this research revealed a good reliability of the general scale It was confirmed that the four dimensions of this inventory are significant factors of mindfulness. Regarding the confirmatory factor analysis, results showed that data fitted properly to the four factors model. Conclusion: In conclusion, this inventory is a valid and reliable instrument to measure mindfulness in general Mexican population.

Keywords:
Mindfulness, confirmatory factor analysis, criterion validity, internal consistency, mexican population, Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills

Artículo Completo
Bibliografía

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., & Allen, K. B. (2004). Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: The Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Assessment, 11, 191-206.

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13, 27-45.

Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D. A., & Taylor, G. J. (1994). The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38, 23-32.

Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., Segal, Z. V., Abbey, S., Speca, M., Velting, D., & Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11, 230-241.

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological wellbeing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822-848.

Byrne, B. (2006). Structural equation modeling with EQS. Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2ª ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008). The assessment of present-moment awareness and acceptance: The Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale. Assessment, 15, 204-223.

Chan, K. K. S., & Leung, D. C. K. (2021). The impact of mindfulness on self-stigma and affective symptoms among sexual minorities. Journal of Affective Disorders, 286, 213-219.

Dimidjian, S., & Linehan, M. M. (2003). Mindfulness practice. En W. O’Donohue, J. E. Fisher & S. C. Hayes (Eds.), Empirically supported techniques of cognitive behavior therapy: A step-by-step guide for clinicians (pp. 189-195). John Wiley.

Farb, N. A. S., Anderson, A. K., Irving, J. A., & Segal, Z. V. (2013). Mindfulness interventions and emotion regulation. En J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 548-567). Guildford Publications.

Feldman, G., Hayes, A., Kumar, S., Greeson, J., & Laurenceau, J. P. (2007). Mindfulness and emotion regulation: The development and initial validation of the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 29(3), 177-190.

Garofalo, C., Gillespie, S. M., & Velotti, P. (2020). Emotion regulation mediates relationships between mindfulness facets and aggression dimensions. Aggressive Behavior, 46(1), 60-71. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21868

Goldin, P. R., Morrison, A. S., Jazaieri, H., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2017). Trajectories of social anxiety, cognitive reappraisal, and mindfulness during an RCT of CBGT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 97, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2017.06.001

González-Arias, M., Martínez-Molina, A., Galdames, S., & Urzúa, A. (2018). Psychometric properties of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale in the Chilean population. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 963. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00963

González-Forteza, C., Solís Torres, C., Jiménez Tapia, A., Hernández Fernández, I., González-González, A., Juárez García, F., Medina-Mora, M. E., & Fernández-Várela Mejía, H. (2011). Confiabilidad y validez de la escala de depresión CES-D en un censo de estudiantes de nivel medio superior y superior, en la Ciudad de México. Salud Mental, 34(1), 53-59.

Gross, J. J., & Thompson, R. A. (2007). Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations. En J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 3-24).  Guilford Press.

Guendelman, S., Medeiros, S., & Rampes, H. (2017). Mindfulness and emotion regulation: Insights from neurobiological, psychological, and clinical studies. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 220. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00220

Hair, J. F., Black, B., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis (7a ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.

Hanley, A. W., Garland, E. L., & Tedeschi, R. G. (2017). Relating dispositional mindfulness, contemplative practice, and positive reappraisal with posttraumatic cognitive coping, stress, and growth. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 9(5), 526-536. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000208

Hansen, E., Lundh, L., Homman, A., & Wangby-Lundh, M. (2009). Measuring mindfulness: Pilot studies with the Swedish versions of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale and the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 38(1), 2-15.

Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy. Guilford.

Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A.A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 169-183.

Holzel, B. K., Lazar, S. W., Gard, T., Schuman-Olivier, Z., Vago, D. R., & Ott, U. (2011). How does mindfulness meditation work? Proposing mechanisms of action from a conceptual and neural perspective. Perspectives in Psychological Science, 6, 537-559.

Hu, L., & Bentler, P. (1999). Cut off criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.

Jermann, F., Billieux, J., Larøi, F., d’Argembeau, A., Bondolfi, G., Zermatten, A., & Van der Linden, M. (2009). Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS): Psychometric properties of the French translation and exploration of its relations with emotion regulation strategies. Psychological Assessment, 21(4), 506-514. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017032

Joreskog, K. G., Sorbom, D., Du Toit, S., & Du Toit, M. (1999). LISREL 8: New statistical features. Scientific Software International.

Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. Dell.

Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life. Hyperion.

Kay, A. A., & Skarlicki, D. P. (2020). Cultivating a conflict-positive workplace: How mindfulness facilitates constructive conflict management. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 159, 8-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.02.005

Lam, K., & Seiden, D. (2020). Effects of a brief mindfulness curriculum on self-reported executive functioning and emotion regulation in Hong Kong adolescents. Mindfulness, 11(3), 627-642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01257-w

Lau, M., Bishop, S. R., Segal, Z. V., Buis, T., Anderson, N. D., Carlson, L., Shapiro, S., Carmody, J., Abbey, S., & Devins, G. (2006). The Toronto Mindfulness Scale: Development and validation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 1445-1467.

LeBlanc, S., Uzun, B., & Aydemir, A. (2019). Structural relationship among mindfulness, reappraisal and life satisfaction: The mediating role of positive affect. Current Psychology, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00383-x

Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive behavioral therapy of borderline personality disorder. Guilford Press.

López-Maya, E., Hernández-Pozo, M. d. R., Méndez-Segundo, L., Gutiérrez-García, J. J., Araujo-Díaz, D., Nuñez-Gazcón, A., Cervantes-Sampayo, L. K., Nava-Alcántara, S., Bautista-García, L., & Hölzel, B. (2015). Psychometric properties of the Mexican version of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Psychologia: Avances de la Disciplina, 9(1), 13-27.

Ma, Y., & Fang, S. (2019). Adolescents’ mindfulness and psychological distress: The mediating role of emotion regulation. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, Article 1358. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01358

Meda-Lara, R. M., Herrero, M., Blanco-Donoso, L. M., Moreno-Jiménez, B., & Chávez, A. P. (2015). Propiedades psicométricas del “Cuestionario de cinco facetas de la conciencia plena” (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, FFMQ-M) en México. Psicología Conductual, 23(3), 467.

Medvedev, O. N., Norden, P. A., Krägeloh, C. U., & Siegert, R. J. (2018). Investigating unique contributions of dispositional mindfulness facets to depression, anxiety, and stress in general and student populations. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1757-1767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0917-0

Medvedev, O. N., Siegert, R. J., Kersten, P., & Krägeloh, C. U. (2016). Rasch analysis of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Mindfulness, 7(2), 466-478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0475-7

Nicastro, R., Jermann, F., Bondolfi, G., & McQuillan, A. (2010). Assessment of mindfulness with the French version of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills in community and borderline personality disorder samples. Assessment, 17(2), 197-205.

Nigol, S. H., & Di Benedetto, M. (2020). The relationship between mindfulness facets, depression, pain severity and pain interference. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 25(1), 53-63. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2019.1619786

Pareja, M. A. V. (2006). Mindfulness (presencia reflexiva y atenta). Psicología Conductual, 14, 433-451.

Parmentier, F. B., García-Toro, M., García-Campayo, J., Yañez, A. M., Andrés, P., & Gili, M. (2019). Mindfulness and symptoms of depression and anxiety in the general population: The mediating roles of worry, rumination, reappraisal, and suppression. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, Article 506. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00506

Prakash, R. S., Hussain, M. A., & Schirda, B. (2015). The role of emotion regulation and cognitive control in the association between mindfulness disposition and stress. Psychology and Aging, 30, 160-171.

Puntons, N., Ibáñez, I., & González, M. (2011). Primeros datos de validación de la Escala de Control Afectivo (ECA): medida del miedo a las emociones. Revista de Investigación y Divulgación en Psicología y Logopedia, 2, 56-61.

Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401.

Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(3), 373-386.

Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression. A new approach to preventing relapse.  Guilford.

Soler-Ribaudi, J., Tejedor, R., Feliu-Soler, A., Pascual, J. C., Cebolla, J., Soriano, J., Álvarez, E., & Pérez, V. (2012). Propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la escala Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 40(1), 19-26.

Sugiura, Y., Sato, A., Ito, Y., & Murakami, H. (2012). Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Mindfulness, 3(2), 85-94.

Tamir, M., Vishkin, A., & Gutentag, T. (2020). Emotion regulation is motivated. Emotion, 20(1), 115-119. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000635

Tanay, G., & Bernstein, A. (2013). State Mindfulness Scale (SMS): Development and initial validation. Psychological Assessment, 25(4), 1286.

Walach, H., Buchheld, N., Buttenmuller, V., Kleinknecht, N., & Schmidt, S. (2006). Measuring mindfulness: The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1543-1555.

Williams, K. E., Chambless, D. L., & Ahrens, A. (1997). Are emotions frightening? An extension of the fear of fear construct. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 239-248.

Zarotti, N., Povah, C., & Simpson, J. (2020). Mindfulness mediates the relationship between cognitive reappraisal and resilience in higher education students. Personality and Individual Differences, 156, Article 109795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109795

PDF