Las creencias que justifican la corrupción disminuyen la disposición y el apoyo percibido para combatirla

Beliefs that justify corruption decrease willingness and perceived support to combat it

Christian Enrique Cruz Torres , Fredi Everardo Correa Romero , Luis Felipe García y Barragán , Carlos César Contreras Ibáñez
Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología (2020) 52, 235-242.
Recibido el 20 de mayo de 2020
Aceptado el 14 de septiembre de 2020

doi: https://doi.org/10.14349/rlp.2020.v52.23

Resumen

La participación cívica es fundamental para abstenerse y sancionar a quienes se benefician de la corrupción. Experimentos muestran que el castigo altruista (pagar para castigar a quienes no cooperan), mantiene cooperando a los transgresores, pero en la vida real se les sanciona poco, siendo necesario identificar los factores que disminuyen esa disposición. Se encuestaron 622 ciudadanos mexicanos, población general, para analizar los efectos de creencias que justifican la corrupción y el apoyo percibido sobre la disposición a actuar contra la corrupción sancionando y absteniéndose de ella. Un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales confirma efectos negativos de las creencias de justificación de la corrupción y positivos del apoyo percibido, además de un efecto negativo indirecto de las creencias de justificación de la corrupción a través de un efecto negativo sobre el apoyo percibido, explicando en conjunto el 47% de la varianza de la disposición a actuar contra la corrupción en un modelo que muestra indicadores que reflejan una adecuada bondad de ajuste.

Palabras clave:
Corrupción, castigo altruista, normas sociales, acción colectiva

Abstract

Civic participation is essential to abstain and punish the corrupt people. Experimental studies that show altruistic punishment, paying for those who do not cooperate to be punished, keep offenders cooperating, but in real life they are little penalized, being necessary to identify the factors that diminish that disposition. 622 Mexican citizens were surveyed to analyze the effects of beliefs that justify corruption and perceived support on willingness to act against corruption by sanctioning and abstaining from it. A model of structural equations confirmed negative effects of corruption justification beliefs and positive perceived support effects, in addition to an indirect negative effect of corruption justification beliefs through a negative effect on perceived support, together explaining for 47% of the variance of the willingness to act against corruption in a model that shows indices of adequate goodness of fit.

Keywords:
Corruption, altruistic punishment, social norms, collective action

Artículo Completo
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