Destrezas cognitivas en menores infractores, de protección y normalizados: un estudio de contraste
Cognitive skills in juvenile offenders, protection normalized youngsters: A contrastive study
Erika G. Mayorga
,
Mercedes Novo
,
Francisca Fariña
,
Ramón Arce
Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, (2020), 52, pp. 160-168.
Recibido el 6 de diciembre de 2019
Aceptado el 28 de abril de 2020
Con el objetivo de conocer si los déficits en las destrezas cognitivas son una característica común de los menores infractores y de protección (en riesgo de desviación) y diferencial de la población de menores normalizada, se diseñó un estudio de campo. Para ello, se evaluaron la inteligencia emocional, el afrontamiento, la atribución de responsabilidad y el autoconcepto, a 450 menores colombianos entre 14 y 19 años: 150 menores infractores, 150 menores de protección y 150 de población normalizada. Los resultados mostraron que los menores infractores y los de protección tenían un déficit en atención a las emociones (inteligencia emocional), recurren más a estrategias desadaptativas para la resolución de problemas y comparten una definición negativa de sí mismos, y están menos satisfechos consigo mismos y de su comportamiento. No obstante, no se observa un sesgo hacia la atribución externa de la responsabilidad. Finalmente, se cuantifica porcentualmente la magnitud de los daños en las destrezas cognitivas. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para la intervención con menores infractores y el diseño de programas de prevención con menores de protección.
Palabras clave:
Menores infractores, menores en protección, destrezas cognitivas, inteligencia emocional, autoconcepto, afrontamiento, atribución de responsabilidad
A field study was designed with the aim of knowing if deficits in cognitive skills are a common characteristic of the juvenile offenders and protection youngsters i.e., children under social services protection (in risk of deviation), and a differential from normalized population. As for this 450 Colombian youngsters (150 juvenile offenders, 150 protection youngsters, and 150 from the normal population), aged from 14 to 19 years, were assessed in emotional intelligence, coping, responsivity attribution, and self-concept. The results showed that juvenile offenders and youngsters under protection had deficit in attention to the emotions (emotional intelligence), used more maladaptive strategies for problems solving, and shared a negative definition of their selves, were less satisfied with their sleeves and with their behaviour. Nonetheless, the expected bias to external responsivity attribution was not observed. Finally, the magnitude of the damages in cognitive skills was quantified. The implications of the results for the intervention with juvenile offenders and the design and implementation of prevention programs with protection youngsters are discussed.
Keywords:
Juvenile offenders, child protection, cognitive skills, emotional intelligence, self-concept, coping, responsibility attribution
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